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Background  Developmental pathways must be responsive to the environment. Phosphorylation of eIF2α enables a family of stress-sensing kinases to trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which has pro-survival and developmental consequences. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate multiple developmental processes in organisms from insects to mammals.    Results  Here we show in  Drosophila  that GCN2 antagonises BMP signalling through direct effects on translation and indirectly via the transcription factor  crc  (dATF4). Expression of a constitutively active GCN2 or loss of the eIF2α phosphatase dPPP1R15 impairs developmental BMP signalling in flies. In cells, inhibition of translation by GCN2 blocks downstream BMP signalling. Moreover, loss of d4E-BP, a target of  crc , augments BMP signalling  in vitro  and rescues tissue development  in vivo.Conclusion  These results identify a novel mechanism by which the ISR modulates BMP signalling during development.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0503-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The integrated stress response regulates BMP signalling through effects on translation