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Background  Despite the widespread implementation of competency-based education, evidence of ensuing enhanced patient care and cost-benefit remains scarce. This narrative review uses the Kirkpatrick/Phillips model to investigate the patient-related and organizational effects of graduate competency-based medical education for five basic anesthetic procedures.    Methods  The MEDLINE, ERIC, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched for papers reporting results in Kirkpatrick/Phillips levels 3–5 from graduate competency-based education for five basic anesthetic procedures. A gray literature search was conducted by reference search in Google Scholar.    Results  In all, 38 studies were included, predominantly concerning central venous catheterization. Three studies reported significant cost-effectiveness by reducing infection rates for central venous catheterization. Furthermore, the procedural competency, retention of skills and patient care as evaluated by fewer complications improved in 20 of the reported studies.    Conclusion  Evidence suggests that competency-based education with procedural central venous catheterization courses have positive effects on patient care and are both cost-effective. However, more rigorously controlled and reproducible studies are needed. Specifically, future studies could focus on organizational effects and the possibility of transferability to other medical specialties and the broader healthcare system.

bmc medical education

The effects of graduate competency-based education and mastery learning on patient care and return on investment: a narrative review of basic anesthetic procedures