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Background  Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic disease caused by fungi of the  Candida  genus. The occurrence of  Candida  spp. resistance to the commercial antifungal drugs points to the search for alternative treatments. Propolis has been successfully used in the treatment of infectious diseases for centuries. It has been proposed that an ultrasound pretreatment in the propolis extraction protocol can enhance the concentrations of molecules with antimicrobial activities in the final extract. Thus, this study aimed to compare the antifungal activity against oral  Candida  spp. isolates of green and red propolis extracts submitted or not to an ultrasound pretreatment before the extraction procedure.    Methods    Candida  spp. were isolated from denture stomatitis lesions and identified by sequencing. Oral  Candida  spp. isolates and reference strains were submitted to broth microdilution assays using commercial antifungals and Brazilian green and red propolis extracts submitted or not to an ultrasound pretreatment. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentrations (MFC) were determined and biofilm formation interference was evaluated for resistant isolates.    Results    C. albicans ,  Candida tropicalis  and  Candida dubliniensis  were isolated from denture stomatitis lesions. Growth inhibition was observed in all  Candida  isolates incubated with all green and red propolis extracts. At lower doses, red propolis extracts presented significant antifungal activity. The ultrasound pretreatment did not promote an increase in the antifungal activity of green or red propolis. Three isolates, which were highly resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, were susceptible to low doses of red propolis extracts. These same three specimens had their biofilm formation inhibted by red propolis ethanolic extract.    Conclusions  Thus, red propolis can be faced as a promising natural product to be used in the auxiliary antifungal therapy of denture stomatitis.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03445-5.

Activity of antifungal drugs and Brazilian red and green propolis extracted with different methodologies against oral isolates of Candida spp.