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Background  Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world.  Acacia nilotica  was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria ( Streptococcus sobrinus  and  Porphyromonas gingivalis ), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of  A. nilotica  bark and its fractions.    Methods  Methanoilc crude extract of  A. nilotica  bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against  S. sobrinus  and  P. gingivalis  using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method.    Results  Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the  P. gingivalis . Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC 50  value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC 50  value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate.    Conclusions  The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine.  A. nilotica  bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.

In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant