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Background  Plant species from the genus  Tecoma  are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some of them are grown as ornamental plants and others can be used as medicinal plants. In the present study, ethanolic extracts from trunks and leaves of  Tecoma  species were tested in vitro using assays against the  Zika virus.Methods  There was a total of 8 extracts obtained from different anatomical parts of three  Tecoma  species. The  Tecoma castaneifolia ,  T. garrocha ,  T. stans  var.  angustata  and  T. stans  var.  stans  were prepared by percolation with ethanol. The antiviral activity was assayed in vitro against the  Zika virus  by the MTT colorimetric method ( n  = 3). The UPLC-DAD-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts was performed from all the studied species. The biofractionation of  T. stans  var.  stans  trunk extract using different separation techniques led to the isolation of crenatoside compound.    Results  Ethanolic extract from  Tecoma  species leaves were more active against the  Zika virus  (EC 50  149.90 to 61.25 μg/mL) when compared to the trunk extracts tested (EC 50  131.0 to 66.79 μg/mL and two were not active). The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from  T. stans  var.  stans  trunk were active against the  Zika virus  with EC 50  values of 149.90 and 78.98 μg/mL, respectively. Crenatoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the ethyl acetate of  T. stans  var.  stans  trunk extract. This compound was tested and exhibited EC 50  34.78 μM (21.64 μg/mL), thus demonstrating a better result than the original ethanolic extracts as well as others extracts of  Tecoma  species, and it was more active than the positive control, ribavirin (386.84 μM). Furthermore, its selectivity index was at least 2.5 times higher than the tested ethanolic extracts and 11.1 times more potent than ribavirin.    Conclusion  The  Tecoma  species demonstrated interesting in vitro activity against the  Zika virus . The crenatoside, phenylethanoid glycoside that was for the first time isolated from  Tecoma stans  var.  stans , exhibited a potent and relevant anti- Zika virus  activity, being more active than ribavirin (positive control). The data show that crenatoside, was a promising compound with in vitro antiviral activity against the  Zika virus .

bmc complementary medicine and therapies

Anti-Zika virus activity and chemical characterization by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-DAD-UV-MS) of ethanol extracts in Tecoma species