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Background   Piper chaba  Hunt. is used as an ingredient in Thai traditional preparation for arthritis. Its isolated compound is piperine which shows anti-inflammatory activity. Piperine produces a burning sensation because it activates TRPV1 receptor. The TRPV1 activation involved with the analgesic and adjuvant effect.  P. chaba  Hunt. has not been reported about TRPV1 activation and adjuvant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of  P. chaba  extract and piperine on TRPV1 receptor, which is considered as a target for analgesic and their adjuvant effects to support the development of an analgesic drug from herbal medicine.    Methods  The effect of  P. chaba  extract and piperine on HEK cells expressing TRPV1 channel was examined by calcium imaging assay. Adjuvant effects of  P. chaba  extract and piperine were investigated by a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model in mice.    Results   P. chaba  extract induced calcium influx with EC 50  value of 0.67 μg/ml. Piperine induced calcium influx with EC 50  value of 0.31 μg/ml or 1.08 μM. For mouse CHS model, we found that 1% piperine, 5% piperine, 1%  P. chaba  extract and 5%  P. chaba  extract significantly enhanced sensitization to FITC as revealed by ear swelling responses.    Conclusion   P. chaba  extract and piperine activated TRPV1 channel and enhanced contact sensitization to FITC.

The role of Piper chaba Hunt. and its pure compound, piperine, on TRPV1 activation and adjuvant effect