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Background   Moringa oleifera  Lam. is a commonly used plant in herbal medicine and has various reported bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and antidiabetes. It is rich in nutrients and polyphenols. The plant also has been traditionally used for alleviating allergic conditions. This study was aimed to examine the anti-allergic activity of  M. oleifera  extracts and its isolated compounds.    Method   M. oleifera  leaves, seeds and pods were extracted with 80% of ethanol. Individual compounds were isolated using a column chromatographic technique and elucidated based on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) spectral data. The anti-allergic activity of the extracts, isolated compounds and ketotifen fumarate as a positive control was evaluated using rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) cells for early and late phases of allergic reactions. The early phase was determined based on the inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase and histamine release; while the late phase was based on the inhibition of interleukin (IL-4) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) release.    Results  Two new compounds; ethyl-( E )–undec-6-enoate ( 1 ) and 3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyphenyl)-4 H -chromen-4-one ( 2 ) together with six known compounds; quercetin ( 3 ), kaempferol ( 4 ), β-sitosterol-3- O -glucoside ( 5 ), oleic acid ( 6 ), glucomoringin ( 7 ), 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde ( 8 ) and stigmasterol ( 9 ) were isolated from  M. oleifera  extracts. All extracts and the isolated compounds inhibited mast cell degranulation by inhibiting beta-hexosaminidase and histamine release, as well as the release of IL-4 and TNF-α at varying levels compared with ketotifen fumarate.    Conclusion  The study suggested that  M. oleifera  and its isolated compounds potentially have an anti-allergic activity by inhibiting both early and late phases of allergic reactions.

In vitro anti-allergic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts and their isolated compounds