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Background   Streptococcus agalactiae  also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of disease in pregnant women and new born babies where it causes early and late onset disease characterised by sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis. Ten to 37 % of pregnant women in the world are colonised with GBS while intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has led to significant reduction in early onset disease. The increase in drug resistant microorganisms has become a major threat. Development of vaccines is still in progress so there is need for new and safer alternatives to treatment.    Methods  Benzyl penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole,  Olea europaea  leaf extracts and essential oil were tested against GBS isolates from South Africa and Namibia.    Results  The isolates showed 100% sensitivity to benzyl penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, linezolid, vancomycin,  O. europaea  leaf extracts and essential oils. Only one isolate (0.6%) was resistant to cefotaxime and 23.4 and 10.4% were resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin respectively.    Conclusion  GBS isolates showed sensitivity to  O. europaea  extracts at low minimum inhibitory concentrations.  Β lactams  are still the drugs of choice for treatment of GBS disease but  O. europaea  extracts potent as an alternative source of antimicrobials.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

The activity of commercial antimicrobials, and essential oils and ethanolic extracts of Olea europaea on Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women