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Background   A. paniculata  is widely known for its medicinal values and is traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, skin infections, influenza, diarrhoea, etc. The phytochemical constituents of this plant possess unique and interesting biological activities. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial property of crude ethyl acetate (CEA) extract of  A. paniculata  against  E. coli  clinical isolates along with molecular docking of 10 different bioactive components from this plant with CTX-M-15.    Methods  CEA extract was subjected to phytochemical and FTIR analysis. The  E. coli  isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility through disk-diffusion method to observe their resistance pattern towards different antibiotics. Antibacterial activity and biofilm assay were performed through broth microdilution using a 96-well microplate. CEA extract was further utilized to observe its effect on the expression of a gene encoding CTX-M-15. Finally,  in-silico  studies were performed where 10 different bioactive compounds from  A. paniculata  were molecularly docked with CTX-M-15.    Results  Phytochemical and FTIR analysis detected the presence of various secondary metabolites and functional groups in CEA extract respectively. Molecular docking provided the number of residues and bond lengths together with a positive docking score. Antibiotic susceptibility showed the multi-drug resistance of all the clinical strains of  E. coli . The antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency of CEA extract (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) was tested and 100 μg/ml of the extract was more effective in all the strains of  E. coli . All 3 ESBL producing strains of  E. coli  were subjected to gene expression analysis through PCR. Strains treated with 100 μg/ml of the extract showed a downregulation of the gene encoding CTX-M-15 compared to untreated controls.    Conclusions  The utilization of CEA extract of  A. paniculata  proved an economical way of controlling the growth and biofilm formation of ESBL strains of  E. coli . CEA extract was also able to downregulate the expression of a gene encoding CTX-M-15. Molecular docking of 10 different bioactive compounds from  A. paniculata  with CTX-M-15 provided the residues and bond lengths with a positive docking score.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2312-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata against extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli