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Background  We aimed to evaluate the effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of  Juglans regia L.  leaves on blood glucose level and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients.    Methods  In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group (2 arms) clinical trial, 50 diabetic patients were divided into two groups: treatment group (receive the capsules containing 100 mg  J. regia  leaf extract) and control group (receive the capsules containing placebo, microcrystallin cellulose). Baseline participant data were matched between the two arms of the study. We administered the prepared capsules to the patients twice daily for 8 weeks. Blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, serum insulin, and insulin resistance were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.  P  < 0.05 was considered significant.    Results  After excluding eleven patients, 20 received  J. regia  leaf extract and 20 patients received placebo. The  J. regia  leaf extract did not significantly change the blood glucose and insulin resistance condition. However, in this group, body weight, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure significantly decreased compared with the baseline measurements ( P  = 0.028,  P  = 0.030, and  P  = 0.005, respectively). The lipid profile did not change significantly compared with the baseline measurements. In the control group, postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels significantly decreased after the intervention (P = 0.030 and P = 0.028, respectively). The other variables were not significantly different in this group. At the end of the study, the variables were not significantly different between the two groups.    Conclusion  In this double-blind study, 200 mg/d of  J. regia  leaf extract had no significant effect on blood glucose level and HOMA-IR score in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the  J. regia  leaf extract was effective in reducing body weight and blood pressure. An accidental finding of our study was that microcrystalline cellulose, a widely used placebo in clinical trials, led to a reduction in blood glucose level.    Trial registration  Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT:  138901203180 N2 , 2010/6/6); retrospectively registered.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia (walnut) leaves on blood glucose and major cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial