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Background  No animal model studies have been conducted in which the efficacy of herbal compounds has been tested against multidrug-resistant  Acinetobacter baumannii  infections. Very few antibiotics are available for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by extensively drug-resistant  Acinetobacter baumannii  (XDRAB). To find alternative treatments, traditional Chinese herbs were screened for their antimicrobial potential.    Methods  The present study screened 30 herbs that are traditionally used in Taiwan and that are commonly prescribed for heat clearing and detoxification. The herbs with antibacterial activities were analysed by disc diffusion assays, time-kill assays and a murine lung infection model.    Results  Of the 30 herbs tested, only  Scutellaria barbata  demonstrated 100% in vitro activity against XDRAB. Furthermore, we compared the antibacterial effect of the  S. barbata  extract with that of colistin, and the  S. barbata  extract showed better antibacterial effect. In the XDRAB pneumonia murine model, we compared the antimicrobial effects of the orally administered  S. barbata  extract (200 mg/kg, every 24 h), the intratracheally administered colistin (75,000 U/kg, every 12 h), and the control group. The bacterial load in the lungs of the treatment group that received the oral  S. barbata  extract showed a significant decrease in comparison to that in the lungs of the control group. In addition, histopathological examinations also revealed better resolution of perivascular, peribronchial, and alveolar inflammation in the oral  S. barbata  extract-treated group.    Conclusions  Our in vitro and in vivo data from the animal model support the use of  S. barbata  as an alternate drug to treat XDRAB pulmonary infections. However, detailed animal studies and clinical trials are necessary to establish the clinical utility of  S. barbata  in treating XDRAB pulmonary infections.

Using the Chinese herb Scutellaria barbata against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: in vitro and in vivo studies