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Background  Dental caries is considered a multifactorial disease, in which microorganisms play an important role. The diet is decisive in the biofilm formation because it provides the necessary resources for cellular growth and exopolysaccharides synthesis. Exopolysaccharides are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides a 3D structure, support for the microorganisms and form diffusion-limited environments (acidic niches) that cause demineralization of the dental enamel.  Streptococcus mutans  is the main producer of exopolysaccharides.  Candida albicans  is detected together with  S. mutans  in biofilms associated with severe caries lesions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of  tt -farnesol and myricetin topical treatments on cariogenic biofilms formed by  Streptococcus mutans  and  Candida albicans .    Methods  In vitro dual-species biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs, using tryptone-yeast extract broth with 1% sucrose (37 °C, 5% CO 2 ). Twice-daily topical treatments were performed with: vehicle (ethanol 15%, negative control), 2 mM myricetin, 4 mM  tt- farnesol, myricetin +  tt- farnesol, myricetin +  tt- farnesol + fluoride (250 ppm), fluoride, and chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12%; positive control). After 67 h, biofilms were evaluated to determine biofilm biomass, microbial population, and water-soluble and -insoluble exopolysaccharides in the ECM.Results   Only the positive control yielded a reduced quantity of biomass and microbial population, while  tt- farnesol treatment was the least efficient in reducing  C. albicans  population. The combination therapy myricetin + farnesol + fluoride significantly reduced water-soluble exopolysaccharides in the ECM (vs. negative control;  p  < 0.05; ANOVA one-way, followed by Tukey’s test), similarly to the positive control.Conclusions   Therefore, the combination therapy negatively influenced an important virulence trait of cariogenic biofilms. However, the concentrations of both myricetin and  tt- farnesol should be increased to produce a more pronounced effect to control these biofilms.

Effect of tt-farnesol and myricetin on in vitro biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans