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Background  Plants produce secondary metabolites that often possess widespread bioactivity, and are then known as phytochemicals. We previously determined that several phytochemical-rich food-derived preparations were active against pathogenic foodborne bacteria. Trichomonads produce disease (trichomoniasis) in humans and in certain animals. Trichomonads are increasingly becoming resistant to conventional modes of treatment. It is of interest to test bioactive, natural compounds for efficacy against these pathogens.    Methods  Using a cell assay, black tea, green tea, grape, pomegranate, and jujube extracts, as well as whole dried jujube were tested against three trichomonads:  Trichomonas vaginalis  strain G3 (found in humans) , Tritrichomonas foetus  strain D1 (found in cattle) , and Tritrichomonas foetus- like organism strain C1 (found in cats). The most effective of the test substances was subsequently tested against two metronidazole-resistant  Trichomonas vaginalis  strains, and on normal mucosal flora.    Results  Black tea extract inhibited all the tested trichomonads, but was most effective against the  T. vaginalis  organisms. Inhibition by black tea was correlated with the total and individual theaflavin content of the two tea extracts determined by HPLC. Metronidazole-resistant  Trichomonas vaginalis  strains were also inhibited by the black tea extract. The response of the organisms to the remaining preparations was variable and unique. We observed no effect of the black tea extract on common normal flora bacteria.    Conclusions  The results suggest that the black tea, and to a lesser degree green tea, grape seed, and pomegranate extracts might present possible natural alternative therapeutic agents to treat  Trichomonas vaginalis  infections in humans and the related trichomonad infections in animals, without negatively affecting the normal flora.

Phytochemical-rich foods inhibit the growth of pathogenic trichomonads