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Background  Tuberculosis is a world-wide problem affecting humans and animals. There is increasing development of resistance of the pathogens to current antimycobacterial agents. Many authors have investigated activities of extracts and isolated compounds from plants. The traditional uses of plants have frequently been the criterion to select plants investigated. In this contribution, we investigate whether plant extracts with very good activity against  Escherichia coli  may also be active against mycobacteria.    Methods  The antimycobacterial activity of eight South African tree leaf extracts with high activity against  Escherichia coli  were determined in vitro against  Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. fortuitum and M. aurum , using a serial microdilution method. The cellular cytotoxicity was also determined by the MTT assay using Vero monkey kidney cells. The selectivity index was determined by dividing the cytotoxicity of extracts by MIC.    Results  The antimycobacterial activity of the extracts ranged from 0.02 to 2.5 mg/ml.  Mycobacterium smegmatis  was more sensitive to the extracts (Average MIC = 0.96 mg/ml) and  Mycobacterium aurum  was comparatively resistant (Average MIC = 2.04 mg/ml). The extracts of  Cremaspora triflora  had strong antimycobacterial activity with a MIC of 0.05 mg/ml that compared reasonably well with that of streptomycin (0.01 mg/ml) and rifampicin (0.03 mg/ml),  p  > 0.05.  Cremaspora triflora  had the best selectivity index of 2.87 against  Mycobacterium fortuitum.Conclusion  The high activity of  C. triflora  extracts against the fast-growing mycobacteria and good cellular safety is promising. It may be interesting to investigate extracts against pathogenic  M. tuberculosis, M. bovis  and  M. avium  cultures and to isolate active antimycobacterial compounds.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Acetone leaf extracts of some South African trees with high activity against Escherichia coli also have good antimycobacterial activity and selectivity index