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Background  Phytotherapeutics exhibit diverse pharmacological effects that are based on the combined action of a mixture of phytoconstituents. In this study,  Prunus domestica  gum-loaded, stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag-NPs) were evaluated for their prospective anticancer, antibacterial, urease-inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.    Methods  Au/Ag-NPs were biosynthesized and characterized with UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. The effect of gum and metal ion concentration, reaction temperature, and time on the synthetic stability of nanoparticles was studied along with their post-synthetic stability against varying pH and salt concentrations, long-term storage and extremes of temperature. Nanoparticles were tested for anticancer (HeLa cervical cancer cells), antibacterial ( Staphylococcus aureus ,  Escherichia coli,  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), urease inhibition (jack-bean urease), anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema), and antinociceptive (abdominal constriction response) activities.    Results  The nanoparticles were mostly spherical with an average particle size between 7 and 30 nm (Au-NPs) and 5–30 nm (Ag-NPs). Au/Ag-NPs maintained their colloidal stability and nanoscale characteristics against variations in physicochemical factors. Au/Ag-NPs have potent anticancer potential (IC 50  = 2.14 ± 0.15 μg/mL and 3.45 ± 0.23 μg/mL). Au/Ag-NPs selectively suppressed the growth of  S. aureus  (10.5 ± 0.6 mm, 19.7 ± 0.4 mm),  E. coli  (10 ± 0.4 mm, 14.4 ± 0.7 mm), and  P. aeruginosa  (8.2 ± 0.3 mm, 13.1 ± 0.2 mm), as well as showed preferential inhibition against jack-bean urease (19.2 ± 0.86%, 21.5 ± 1.17%). At doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, Au-NPs significantly ameliorated the increase in paw edema during the 1st h ( P  < 0.05,  P  < 0.01) and 2–5 h ( P  < 0.001) of carrageenan-induced inflammation compared to the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of  P. domestica  gum ( P  < 0.05,  P  < 0.001). At similar doses, Au-NPs also significantly abolished ( P  < 0.01) the tonic visceral, chemically-induced nociception, which was comparable to that of  P. domestica  gum (200 mg/kg;  P  < 0.05, 400 mg/kg;  P  < 0.01).

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

A multi-target therapeutic potential of Prunus domestica gum stabilized nanoparticles exhibited prospective anticancer, antibacterial, urease-inhibition, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.