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Background   Calibrachoa x hybrida  (Solanaceae) cultivars are widely used in North and South America as ornamental plants. Their potential as a source of antimicrobial compounds might be enhanced by seaweed extract (SWE) applications.    Methods  SWE of  Ascophyllum nodosum  were applied at 5 and 7 ml/L as a soil drench or foliar spray on  Calibrachoa  cultivars of Superbells® ‘Dreamsicle’ (CHSD) and Superbells® ‘Frost Fireʼ (CHSF). The total phenolics, tannins and antioxidants composition as well as specific flavonols in leaf extracts were determined. Further, the chemical composition of SWE was assessed.    Results  The drench and foliar SWE treatments significantly enhanced  Calibrachoa  cultivars leaf number and area, dry weight, plant height, antioxidant capacity as well as phenolic, flavonols and tannin content. The increased growth and composition of phenols, flavonols and tannins was attributed to the stimulatory effects of SWE mineral composition. The antifungal activity of  Calibrachoa  cultivars was significantly enhanced following SWE treatments and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were in the range of 0.07–0.31 mg/ml and from 0.16 to 0.56 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, antibacterial activity was significantly increased and the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) measurements were in the range of 0.06–0.23 mg/ml and from 0.10 to 0.44 mg/ml, respectively. The most sensitive fungus to SWE treatments was  C. albicans  and the most sensitive bacterium was  E. cloacae .    Conclusion  The results suggest that enhanced antifungal and antibacterial activities might be attributed to significant increases of phenolic, flavonols and tannin contents, which ultimately enhance the potential of  Calibrachoa  as a natural source of alternative antibiotics.

Enhancement of Calibrachoa growth, secondary metabolites and bioactivity using seaweed extracts