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Background   Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo  (TSG) is a traditional Chinese herb that has been used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and has anti-bacterial and anti-ulcer activity. Our study investigated the bactericidal effects of TSG and its major component, palmatine, against a  Helicobacter pylori  ( H. pylori ) strain isolated from pig and the standard strain  H. pylori  SS1 in vitro and in vivo.    Methods   H. pylori  was isolated from pig and named  H. pylori  SCYA201401. For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory activity of TSG and palmatine against  H. pylori  SCYA201401 and  H. pylori  SS1 were tested by use of the agar cup diffusion technique. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined from the absence of  H. pylori  colonies on agar plates. Time-kill curves were used to evaluate bactericidal activity; the average number of colonies was calculated at 0 to 48 h after liquid incubation, with concentrations of drugs at 0.5, 1, and 2 × MIC. For in vivo experiments,  H. pylori  SCYA201401-infected mice were randomly divided into TSG, palmatine, triple therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin), blank control, and model groups. The eradication ratios were determined by use of rapid urease tests and bacterial culture.    Results  In vitro, the MIC and MBC of TSG against  H. pylori  SCYA201401 and SS1 were both 6250 μg/mL, whereas palmatine against  H. pylori  SCYA201401 was 6.25 μg/mL and against  H. pylori  SS1 was 3.12 μg/mL. The time-kill curves showed a dose-dependent, progressive decline in the numbers of viable bacteria up to 40 h. In vivo, the eradication ratios in the TSG and palmatine groups of mice were 80 and 50 % compared with 70 % in the triple-therapy group.    Conclusion  TSG and its major component, palmatine, have bactericidal activity against  H. pylori  in vitro and in vivo .  The possibility that TSG or palmatine can be effective in the treatment of human and animals  H. pylori  infection deserves investigation.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo and its main effective component, palmatine, against porcine Helicobacter pylori