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Background  Medicinal plants have proven their importance as a valuable source of molecules with therapeutic potential.  Monotheca buxifolia  (Falc.) A. DC. (family:  Sapotaceae ) is traditionally used as a hematinic, laxative, digestive, anthelmintic, antipyretic, and in the treatment of gastro-urinary disorders. To provide scientific evidence for its folkloric use, the present study investigated  Monotheca buxifolia  fruit hydro-ethanolic extract (MBHE) for its prospective antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. MBHE was eluted through column chromatography to isolate the bioactive secondary metabolites which may probably involve in its beneficial properties.    Methods  The phytochemical constituents in MBHE was elucidated using UV, IR,  1 H-NMR,  13 C NMR, 2D-NMR spectra in combination with EIMS and FAB-MS spectrometric techniques and comparison with literature data of related compounds. The antinociceptive activity of MBHE was evaluated in the acetic acid induced abdominal constriction assay; the anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in the carrageenan induced paw edema, while the antipyretic effect was tested against brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in BALB/c mice at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg.    Results  Elution of MBHE along with various characterization techniques led to the isolation of oleanolic acid and isoquercetin. Significant attenuation of chemical induced nociception was observed with MBHE at tested doses of 50 mg/kg ( P  < 0.01, 68.87 %), 100 mg/kg ( P  < 0.01, 68.87 %) and 150 mg/kg ( P  < 0.001, 83.02 %). During a duration of 1–5 h in the carrageenan induced paw edema assay, significant ameliorative effect ( P  < 0.01,  P  < 0.001) was demonstrated by MBHE at 50 mg/kg (22.94–20 %), 100 mg/kg (33.23–21.13 %) and 150 mg/kg (38.23–25 %). MBHE also significantly alleviated the brewer’s yeast induced pyrexic response when tested at doses of 50 mg/kg ( P  < 0.05 in 2nd h), 100 mg/kg ( P  < 0.05,  P  < 0.01 and  P  < 0.001 in 1–5 h) and 150 mg/kg ( P  < 0.01 and  P  < 0.001 in 1–5 h).    Conclusion  These findings suggest that  Monotheca buxifolia  possess pain, inflammation and pyrexia ameliorating properties, probably mediated by the presence of oleanolic acid and isoquercetin contents, though the involvement of other important phytochemicals constituents cannot be ignored.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1257-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Pharmacological screening of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities