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Background   Ricinus communis  ( Euphorbiaceae ) has previously been reported to possess analgesic, antihistamine, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed for isolation, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and anti-proliferative activities of  R. communis  seed protein.    Methods  The concentration and molecular weight of  R. communis  seed protein were estimated by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. Lectin activity was evaluated by hemagglutination assay on mice blood. In vitro susceptibility of four human pathogenic bacteria including  Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,  Enterobacter aerogenes  and  Staphylococcus aureus  was detected using disk diffusion assay, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined using micro-dilution method. A total of twenty four Swiss albino mice containing Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were treated with the crude protein of  R. communis  at 50 and 100 μg/ml/d/mouse for 6 days. Growth inhibitory activity of  R. communis  seed protein on EAC cells was determined by haemocytometer counting using trypan blue dye and DAPI (4΄,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was used to assess apoptotic cells.    Results  The protein concentration of six  R. communis  (castor) varieties ranged between 21–35 mg/ml and molecular weight between 14–200 kDa. Castor protein agglutinated mice blood at 3.125 μg/wall. The seed protein shows considerable antimicrobial activity against  E. coli, P. aeruginosa  and  S. aureus , exhibiting MIC values of 250, 125 and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. Administration of seed protein led to 54 % growth inhibition of EAC cells at 100 μg/ml. DAPI staining indicates marked features of apoptosis including condensation of cytoplasm, nuclear fragmentation and aggregation of apoptotic bodies etc.    Conclusion  Our study suggests that the lectin rich  R. communis  seed protein has strong antibacterial and anticancer activities.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of crude protein extracts isolated from the seed of Ricinus communis in Bangladesh