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Background  Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is a biological marker for predicting leukemia progression. In this study, mammea E/BB, an active compound from Saraphi ( Mammea siamensis ) seed extract was examined for its effect on down-regulatory mechanism of  WT1  gene expression, WT1 protein and mRNA stability, and cell proliferation in K562 cell line.    Methods   M. siamensis  seeds were obtained from the region of Chiang Mai (North of Thailand). Mammea E/BB was extracted from seeds of  M. siamensis . WT1 protein expression and stability were evaluated by Western blot analysis. WT1 mRNA stability was assessed by qRT-PCR. WT1-DNA binding and WT1 promoter activity were assayed by ChIP assay and luciferase-reporter assay, respectively. Cell cycle arrest was studied by flow cytometry.    Results  Treatment with mammea E/BB led to down-regulation of WT1 expression. The suppression of WT1 expression did not involve protein and mRNA degradation. Rather, WT1 protein was down-regulated through disruption of transcriptional auto-regulation of the  WT1  gene. Mammea E/BB inhibited WT1-DNA binding at the WT1 promoter and decreased luciferase activity. It also disrupted c-Fos/AP-1 binding to the WT1 promoter via ERK1/2 signaling pathway and induced S phase cell cycle arrest in K562 cells.    Conclusion  Mammea E/BB had pleotropic effects on kinase signaling pathways, resulting in inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1107-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Down-regulatory mechanism of mammea E/BB from Mammea siamensis seed extract on Wilms’ Tumor 1 expression in K562 cells