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Background   Syngonanthus arthrotrichus  and  Syngonanthus bisulcatus , currently known for  Comanthera aciphylla  (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul .  and  Comanthera bisulcata  (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as “ sempre-vivas ,” are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action.    Methods  The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated.    Results  In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of  Sa -FRF or  Sb -FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of  Sa -FRF,  Sa -FDF, Sb-FDF and  Sb -FRF or  Sa -FRF and  Sb -FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective.  Sa -FRF and  Sb -FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions,  Sa -FRF and  Sb -FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased.    Conclusions  The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the  Sa -FRF and  Sb -FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa’s cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus