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Background  Many studies have demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine can produce progressive increases in locomotor activity and enhanced expression of  c-fos  and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain dopaminergic areas.  Paecilomyces japonica  ( PJ ) is a herbal medicine that is commonly used to treat opiate and other addictions in Eastern Asia. However, its influence on nicotine addiction has not been examined. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of  PJ  on repeated nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization of locomotor activity and c-Fos and TH expression in the rat brain using immunohistochemistry.    Methods  Rats were pretreated with  PJ  (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 30 min before repeated injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously, twice daily for 7 days). Locomotor activity was measured in rats during 7-day nicotine treatments. On the seventh day, c-Fos and TH expression were assessed.    Results  Pretreatment with  PJ  decreased the development of nicotine-induced sensitization, c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, and TH expression in the ventral tegmental area.  PJ  decreased nicotine-induced locomotor activity by modulating brain dopaminergic systems.    Conclusion  The results of the present study suggest that  PJ  may be a useful agent for preventing and treating nicotine addiction.

Paecilomycies japonica reduces repeated nicotine-induced neuronal and behavioral activation in rats