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Background  In Traditional Tibetan medicine,  Yukyung Karne  has been used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Though  Yukyung Karne  has been reported to be clinically effective, the molecular mechanism of its anti-metstatic action remains elusive.    Methods  The cytotoxic property of  Yukyung Karne  was evaluated by crystal violet staining while its ability to induce ceramide production was analyzed by sphingomyelinase assay. The anti-metastatic property was investigated using adhesion, invasion, migration and colony formation assays. The effect of  Yukyung Karne  on the expression of extracellular matrix components, and epithelial and mesenchymal markers were evaluated by confocal microscopy and western blotting.    Results   Yukyung Karne  exhibited a strong anti-metastatic property by significantly reducing the invasion, migration and colony formation ability of ovarian cancer cells. Besides it inhibited the levels of biomarkers involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition such as down-regulation of vimentin and N-cadherin and up-regulation of epithelial E-cadherin.  Yukyung Karne  also induced the neutral sphingomyelinase II (nSMNaseII) enzyme activity that is known to hydrolyze sphingomyelins into pro-apoptotic intracellular molecule ceramide.    Conclusions  The study provides some compelling evidences supporting the anti-metastatic potential of  Yukyung Karne  which strongly suggests its possible usage as a promising alternative medicine. Thus,  Yukyung Karne  may be used as an anticancer and anti-metastatic agent along with other conventional anticancer therapeutics to increase their efficacy.

bmc complementary medicine and therapies

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The traditional Tibetan medicine Yukyung Karne exhibits a potent anti-metastatic activity by inhibiting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell migration