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Background  To study the prevalence of  Chlamydia  infection in women with primary and secondary unexplained infertility using ELISA technique for antibody detection and real time, fully automated PCR for antigen detection and to explore its association with circulating antisperm antibodies (ASA).    Methods  A total of 50 women with unexplained infertility enrolled in this case control study and a control group of 44 infertile women with a known cause of infertility. Endocervical specimens were collected for  Chlamydia  antigen detection using PCR and serum samples for antibodies detection. Circulating anti-sperm antibodies were detected using sperm antibody Latex Agglutination tests.    Results  The overall prevalence of  Chlamydial  infection in unexplained infertility cases as detected by both ELISA and PCR was 40 % (20/50). The prevalence of current  Chlamydial  genital infection as detected by real-time PCR was only 6.0 % (3/50); two of which were also IgM positive. Prevalence of ASA was 6.0 % (3/50); all were sero-negative for anti- C.trachomatis  IgM and were PCR negative.    Conclusion  The incidence of  Chlamydial  infection in Egyptian patients with unexplained infertility is relatively high. In the setting of fertility investigations; screening for anti.  C.trachomatis  antibodies using ELISA, and treatment of positive cases should be considered. The presence of circulating ASA does not correlate with the presence of old or current  Chlamydia  infection in women with unexplained infertility.

bmc women's health

Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in Egyptian women with unexplained infertility, comparing real-time PCR techniques to standard serology tests: case control study