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Purpose To study prevalence of dental fear and the relationship to gender, oral disease and dental treatment between 1973 and 2013 in school children and young adults attending public dental health care. Methods Every ten years from 1973 to 2013 random samples of about 100 individuals in each of the age groups 10, 15 and 20 years took part in a repeated cross-sectional study based on clinical parameters and a questionnaire. Dental fear was estimated by the question:  “What do you feel at the prospect of an appointment with a dentist?”.  75–99% of the samples answered the question. Agreement to at least one of the alternative answers:  ill at ease, frightened  and  sick  defined  dental fear. Frightened  and/or  sick  indicated  severe dental fear.  The prevalence of caries, gingivitis and number of filled tooth surfaces were calculated. Chi-square tests were used to show differences in proportions between groups and linear regression to show trends over time. Results Prevalence of  dental fear  declined in all age groups over time. In the 20-year olds  dental fear  was found in 29% of the sample and  severe dental fear  in 12% of girls and 5% of boys in 2013. Individuals with  dental fear  had higher mean caries prevalence and number of filled tooth surfaces compared with individuals without dental fear. Conclusions This 40-year time trend study showed a reduction in dental fear prevalence in school children and young adults offered regular public dental health care based on prevention and a psychological approach. The prevalence of dental fear was still high in 2013 despite a significant decline in caries during the study period. Further improvements in the psychological approach when treating children are thus needed.

bmc oral health

Dental fear in school children and young adults attending public dental health care: prevalence and relationship to gender, oral disease and dental treatment; trends over 40 years