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Background  Periodontitis is one of major oral diseases, which has no consensus on early screening tool. This study aimed to compare the association and screening ability of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for periodontitis status.    Methods  We recruited 149 community Korean adults, 50 no or initial periodontitis (NIPERIO) and 99 established periodontitis (PERIO). Using clinical attachment loss and a panoramic radiograph, stage II–IV of new classification of periodontitis proposed at 2018 was considered cases as PERIO. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify S100A8 and S100A9. T-test, analysis of covariance, Mann–Whitney test and correlation analysis were applied to compare the relationship of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood, and GCF for periodontitis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied for screening ability.    Results  Among S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and GCF, S100A8 in saliva was significantly higher in PERIO than in NIPERIO ( p  < 0.05). However, S100A8 and S100A9 in GCF were higher in NIPERIO ( p  < 0.05). The screening ability of salivary S100A8 was 75% for PERIO, while that of GCF S100A8 was 74% for NIPERIO. Salivary S100A8 was positively correlated to blood S100A8 ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusion  Salivary S100A8 could be a potential diagnostic marker for established periodontitis and be useful for screening established periodontitis.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01749-z.

S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid for screening established periodontitis: a cross-sectional study