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Background  The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum and salivary Immunoglobulin (Ig)  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  ( A. actinomycetemcomitans)  specific antibodies in healthy controls (HC) and periodontitis (PT) patients. Furthermore, the objectives were to determine whether PT influenced serum  A. actinomycetemcomitans  specific antibodies and whether serum or salivary antibodies against  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG were mediated by serum high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP).    Methods  Fifty-three patients with periodontitis and 48 HC were enrolled in the present study. Patients were regularly examined and characterized by clinical, salivary and blood samples analyses.  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgA and IgG antibodies and hs-CRP were evaluated using a commercially available kit. The Spearman Correlation Test and Jonckheere-Terpstra Test were applied in order to assess the interdependence between serum  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG antibodies and clinical periodontal parameters. To evaluate the dependence of the serum and salivary  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG levels from possible confounders, univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed.    Results  Compared to HC, patients with PT had significantly higher IgA [serum: PT, 1.89 (1.2–2.2) EU vs HC, 1.37 (0.9–1.8) EU ( p  = 0.022); saliva: PT, 1.67 (1.4–2.1) EU vs HC, 1.42 (0.9–1.6) EU ( p  = 0.019)] and  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG levels [serum: PT, 2.96 (2.1–3.7) EU vs HC, 2.18 (1.8–2.1) EU ( p  < 0.001); saliva, PT, 2.19 (1.8–2.5) EU vs HC, 1.84 (1.4–2) EU ( p  = 0.028)]. In PT patients, serum  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG were associated with a proportional extent of PT and tooth loss (P-trend value< 0.001). The univariate regression analysis demonstrated that PT ( p  = 0.013) and high hs-CRP ( p  < 0.001) had a significant negative effect on serum and salivary  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that PT ( p  = 0.033), hs-CRP ( p  = 0.014) and BMI ( p  = 0.017) were significant negative predictors of serum  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG while hs-CRP (p < 0.001) and BMI ( P  = 0.025) were significant negative predictors of salivary  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG.    Conclusions  PT patients presented a significantly higher serum and salivary  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgA and IgG compared to HC. There was a significant increase in serum  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG when patients presented a progressive extent of PT. Moreover, PT and hs-CRP were significant negative predictors of increased salivary and serum  A. actinomycetemcomitans  IgG levels.    Trial registration  The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04417322 ).

Association among serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans specific immunoglobulin antibodies and periodontitis