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Background  Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease around the apex of a tooth root. Reported prevalence of AP ranges from 27% to 83% while the data about most post-Soviet countries are still missing. Knowing the prevalence of AP within a certain population helps to plan the treatment need and evaluate the success of endodontic interventions. We aimed to collect data about prevalence and determining factors of AP for the first time in Estonia.    Methods  The cross-sectional study included 6552 patients (age 35.5±19.2 years). Radiographic examination was applied to investigate the prevalence of AP and quality of endodontic treatment.    Results  AP was diagnosed in 54.7% of subjects. Endodontically treated teeth were present in 58.2% of subjects. Periapical finding was present in 44.6% of endodontically treated and in 30.8% of untreated teeth.  Out of 181,495 teeth, 52.7% were intact. AP was diagnosed in 6.3% of teeth, 6.9% of teeth were endodontically treated.  Risk factors for AP included caries (OR = 2.30), male gender (OR = 1.44), too short (OR = 1.76) or too long root canal filling (OR = 2.51), root canal filling of low density (OR = 1.61) while not orthodontic appliance. Lower AP risk was associated with restoration of the tooth – filling (OR = 0.45), crown (OR = 0.34) and bridge (OR = 0.33).    Conclusions  AP is highly prevalent in Southern Estonian population. Most cases are associated with root canal-treated teeth. The overall quality of root canal fillings tends to be low, consistent with the mediocre outcome of treatment. Considerable efforts are required to improve the standards of endodontic treatment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-017-0429-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Apical periodontitis in southern Estonian population: prevalence and associations with quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations