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Background  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a premalignant mucocutaneous disease in which genetic factors and immune responses play a major role. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of OLP. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gene polymorphisms of T helper cell subtype Th1 and Th2 cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on OLP susceptibility in a Saudi cohort.    Methods  Forty two unrelated patients with OLP and 195 healthy controls were genotyped for IFN-γ (874A/T), IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphisms.    Results  The frequency of genotype AT of IFN-γ (874A/T) was significantly higher while genotype AA was lower in OLP patients as compared to controls ( P  < 0.05). The frequency of T containing genotypes (AT + TT) was also higher in OLP patients as compared to that in controls ( P  = 0.003). The frequencies of allele T was higher while that of allele A lower in patients than the controls however the difference was not statistically significant ( P  = 0.07). There was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphisms between patient and control groups. These results indicated that genotype AT of IFN-γ (874A/T) polymorphism is associated with OLP risk and genotype AA is protective to OLP. On the other hand the polymorphisms IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) may not be associated with OLP risk in our population.    Conclusion  It is concluded that IFN-γ (874A/T) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of OLP, however further studies with large sample size involving different ethnic populations should be conducted to strengthen our results.

Association of genetic polymorphisms in interferon-γ, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 gene with oral lichen planus susceptibility