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Background  Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have attracted wide attention all over the world as they cause water quality deterioration and ecosystem health issues.  Microcystis aeruginosa  associated with a large number of bacteria is one of the most common and widespread bloom-forming cyanobacteria that secret toxins. These associated bacteria are considered to benefit from organic substrates released by the cyanobacterium. In order to avoid the influence of associated heterotrophic bacteria on the target cyanobacteria for physiological and molecular studies, it is urgent to obtain an axenic  M. aeruginosa  culture and further investigate the specific interaction between the heterotroph and the cyanobacterium.    Results  A traditional and reliable method based on solid-liquid alternate cultivation was carried out to purify the xenic cyanobacterium  M. aeruginosa  FACHB-905. On the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequences, two associated bacteria named strain B905–1 and strain B905–2, were identified as  Pannonibacter  sp. and  Chryseobacterium  sp. with a 99 and 97% similarity value, respectively. The axenic  M. aeruginosa  FACHB-905A ( Microcystis  905A) was not able to form colonies on BG 11  agar medium without the addition of strain B905–1, while it grew well in BG 11  liquid medium. Although the presence of B905–1 was not indispensable for the growth of  Microcystis  905A, B905–1 had a positive effect on promoting the growth of  Microcystis  905A.    Conclusions  The associated bacteria were eliminated by solid-liquid alternate cultivation method and the axenic  Microcystis  905A was successfully purified. The associated bacterium B905–1 has the potentiality to promote the growth of  Microcystis  905A. Moreover, the purification technique for cyanobacteria described in this study is potentially applicable to a wider range of unicellular cyanobacteria.

Isolation of axenic cyanobacterium and the promoting effect of associated bacterium on axenic cyanobacterium