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Background  The identification of microorganisms with excellent flocculant-producing capability and optimization of the fermentation process are necessary for the wide-scale application of bioflocculants. Thus, we evaluated the flocculant-producing ability of a novel strain identified by the screening of marine bacteria, and we report for the first time the properties of the bioflocculant produced by  Alteromonas  sp. in the treatment of dye wastewater.    Results  A bioflocculant-producing bacterium was isolated from seawater and identified as  Alteromonas  sp. CGMCC 10612. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the strain were 30 g/L glucose and 1.5 g/L wheat flour. In a 2-L fermenter, the flocculating activity and bioflocculant yield reached maximum values of 2575.4 U/mL and 11.18 g/L, respectively. The bioflocculant was separated and showed good heat and pH stability. The purified bioflocculant was a proteoglycan consisting of 69.61% carbohydrate and 21.56% protein (wt/wt). Infrared spectrometry further indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups preferred for flocculation. The bioflocculant was a nanoparticle polymer with an average mass of 394,000 Da. The purified bioflocculant was able to remove Congo Red, Direct Black and Methylene Blue at efficiencies of 98.5%, 97.9% and 72.3% respectively.    Conclusions  The results of this study indicated that the marine strain  Alteromonas  sp. is a good candidate for the production of a novel bioflocculant and suggested its potential industrial utility for biotechnological processes.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-017-0404-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Characterization of a novel bioflocculant from a marine bacterium and its application in dye wastewater treatment