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Background  RNA interference is a very effective approach for studies on gene function and may be an efficient method for controlling pests. Trehalase is a key gene in the chitin biosynthesis pathway in insects. Five trehalase genes have been cloned in  Tribolium castaneum , though it is not known whether the detailed functions of these trehalases can be targeted for pest control.    Results  The functions of all five trehalase genes were studied using RNAi, and the most important results showed that the expression of all 12 genes decreased significantly from 12 to 72 h compared with the control groups, except  GP1  at 72 h, when the expression of the  TcTre2  gene was suppressed. The results also revealed different abnormal phenotypes, and the observed mortality rates ranged from 17 to 42 %. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of  TPS ,  GS , two  GP ,  CHS1a  and  CHS1b  genes decreased significantly, while that of the  CHS2  gene decreased or increased after RNAi after the five trehalases were silenced at 48 h. In addition,  TPS  gene expression decreased from 12 to 72 h after dsTcTre injection.    Conclusions  These results demonstrate that silencing of any individual trehalase gene, especially  Tre1 - 4  and  Tre2  gene can lead to moulting deformities and a high mortality rate through the regulation of gene expression in the chitin biosynthesis pathway and may be a potential approach for pest control in the future.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0297-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Knockdown of five trehalase genes using RNA interference regulates the gene expression of the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Tribolium castaneum