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Background   Monascus  mycelia and pigments are promising sources of food and medicine with their potential pharmaceutical values and health-improving functions. Using high cell density fermentation of  Monascus  spp. to achieve higher mycelium and yellow pigment production is worthy to be researched. In this study, the characteristics and productivity shifting of pigments in high cell density culture of  Monascus anka  GIM 3.592 were investigated.    Results  The high yield of  Monascus  mycelia up to 39.77 g/L dry cell weight (DCW), which was achieved by fed-batch fermentation with the feeding medium containing C, N, P and trace elements, was four times higher than that of conventional batch culture. But the total pigment production decreased by 14.6 %, which suggested non-coupled growth. Potential novel yellow pigments accumulated constantly at the late stage of the fed-batch culture, which resulted in a shift in pigment characteristics so that yellow pigments became the dominant pigments. Citrinin production was extremely low and independent of feeding ingredients.    Conclusions  This study provided a suitable fermentation strategy to produce functional  Monascus  mycelia with a high proportion of yellow pigments in high cell density culture. For the first time, it reported the pigment productivity and characteristics shifting in high cell density culture of  Monascus .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0183-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The pigment characteristics and productivity shifting in high cell density culture of Monascus anka mycelia