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Background  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is traditionally performed in the prone or supine position. We report the first case of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in sit position under local infiltration anesthesia.    Case summary  A 69-year-old male presented with left flank pain. Kidney B ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed multiple left renal calculi and hydronephrosis. He had a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with severe ventilatory and cardiac dysfunction, and cannot tolerate the prone or supine position. The patient received the surgery in sit position under local infiltration anesthesia. The operative time was 1 h. The visual analogue scale score during the surgery was 3. The patient had no intraoperative and postoperative complications. The postoperative plain radiography showed no residual stone fragments.    Conclusions  We believe that in high-risk patients who need to undergo PCNL, a combination of sit position and local infiltration anesthesia is an alternative method.

PCNL in COPD patient in the sit position under local infiltration anesthesia case report