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Background  Inflammation is often associated with several bladder dysfunctions, including overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS). As such, inflammation of the bladder and the actions of inflammatory mediators may contribute to the development of urinary symptoms. This study assessed the actions of PGE 2 , PGF 2 , PGD 2 , TXA 2 , and PGI 2  on urinary bladder urothelium with lamina propria (U&LP), and detrusor smooth muscle.    Methods  Studies were carried out using isolated tissue baths, where strips of porcine bladder U&LP or detrusor were exposed to varying concentrations of prostaglandin agonists (1 μM and 10 μM).    Results  All assessed prostaglandin agonists contracted both the U&LP and detrusor smooth muscle, with the rank order of contractile response effectiveness as: PGE 2  > PGF 2α  > TXA 2  > PGD 2  > PGI 2 . In U&LP, treatment with PGE 2  (10 μM) increased tonic contractions by 1.36 ± 0.09 g ( n  = 42,  p  < 0.001) and phasic contractions by 40.4 ± 9.6% ( n  = 42,  p  < 0.001). In response to PGF 2α  (10 μM), U&LP tonic contractions increased by 0.79 ± 0.06 g ( n  = 14,  p  < 0.001) and phasic activity by 13.3% ± 5.3% ( n  = 15,  p  < 0.05). In detrusor preparations, PGE 2  (10 μM) increased tonic contractions by 1.32 ± 0.13 g ( n  = 38,  p  < 0.001) and PGF 2α  (10 μM) by 0.97 ± 0.14 g ( n  = 12,  p  < 0.001). Only 34% ( n  = 48) of all detrusor preparations exhibited spontaneous activity prior to the addition of any agonist at a frequency of 2.03 ± 0.12 cpm. In preparations that did not exhibit initial phasic activity, all of the prostaglandin agonists were capable of commencing phasic activity.    Conclusions  The urinary bladder U&LP and detrusor respond to a variety of prostaglandin agonists, with their activation resulting in direct contractions, as well as increases to spontaneous contractile activity. This study presents the prostaglandin receptor system as a potential therapeutic target for lower urinary tract dysfunction.

The five primary prostaglandins stimulate contractions and phasic activity of the urinary bladder urothelium, lamina propria and detrusor