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Background   TMPRSS2:ERG  gene aberration may be a novel marker that improves risk stratification of prostate cancer before definitive cancer therapy, but studies have been inconclusive.    Methods  The study cohort consisted of 202 operable prostate cancer Slovenian patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We retrospectively constructed tissue microarrays of their prostatic specimens for fluorescence in situ hybridization, with appropriate signals obtained in 148 patients for subsequent statistical analyses.    Results  The following genetic aberrations were found:  TMPRSS2:ERG  fusion,  TMPRSS2  split (a non- ERG  translocation) and  ERG  split (an  ERG  translocation without involvement of  TMPRSS2 ).  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion happened in 63 patients (42 %),  TMPRSS2  split in 12 patients and  ERG  split in 8 patients. Association was tested between  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion and several clinicopathological variables, i.e., pT stage, extended lymph node dissection status, and Gleason score, correcting for multiple comparisons. Only the association with pT stage was significant at  p  = 0.05: Of 62 patients with pT3 stage, 34 (55 %) had  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion. In pT3 stage patients, stronger (but not significant) association between eLND status and  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion was detected. We detected  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion in 64 % of the pT3 stage patients where we did not perform an extended lymph node dissection.    Conclusions  Our results indicate that it is possible to predict pT3 stage at final histology from  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion at initial core needle biopsy. FISH determination of  TMPRSS2:ERG  gene fusion may be particularly useful for patients scheduled to undergo a radical prostatectomy in order to improve oncological and functional results.

TMPRSS2:ERG gene aberrations may provide insight into pT stage in prostate cancer