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Background  There are few reports regarding a lung or diaphragm trapped by a fractured rib. This study aimed to describe the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of these intrathoracic pathologies.    Methods  We retrospectively reviewed the database at our institute for patients with rib fractures who underwent thoracoscope-assisted surgical stabilization of rib fracture (SSRF). We analyzed the demographic data, mechanism of trauma, presentations, operative findings, and subsequent management strategies.    Results  A total of 38 consecutive patients who underwent SSRF were analyzed. Three patients had a trapped lung and one had a trapped diaphragm. Abnormal radiographic findings were observed in 50% of cases. The median waiting time for surgery was 25 days. Surgery was indicated for intractable dynamic pain following conservative treatment. A definitive diagnosis was made during thoracoscopic exploration. Thoracoscopic repair and resection were used for trapped lungs and thoracoscopic release for a trapped diaphragm. We subsequently performed SSRF for unhealed rib fractures.    Conclusion  As per our analysis, the incidence of a trapped lung or diaphragm was 10.5%. If a patient presents with persistent intractable dynamic pain, thoracoscopic exploration with concurrent SSRF may be a feasible and effective treatment option.

Diagnosis and management of a trapped lung or diaphragm by fractured ribs: analysis of patients undergoing rib fracture repair