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Background The aim of this study was to discuss the treatment of extra-articular distal humeral shaft fractures using ultrasound-guided preoperative localization of radial nerve. Methods Between May 2010 and December 2019, 56 patients with extra-articular distal humeral shaft fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty eight patients were received examination by using preoperative localization of radial nerve guided by ultrasound-guided preoperative localization (group A) and 28 control patients without ultrasound-guided (group B). All patients were treated surgically for distal humeral shaft fractures by posterior approach techniques. Operative time, radial nerve exposure time, intraoperative bleeding volume, union time and iatrogenic radial nerve palsy rate were compared between the two groups. Elbow function was also evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups, Operative time (113.25 min vs 135.86 min) ( P  &lt; 0.001), radial nerve exposure time (20.82 min vs 32.53 min) ( P  &lt; 0.001), intraoperative bleeding volume (246.80 ml vs 335.52 ml) ( P  &lt; 0.001). However, iatrogenic radial nerve palsy rate (3.6% vs 7.1%) ( P  = 0.129), the fracture union time (13.52 months vs 12.96 months) ( P  = 0.796) and the MEPS score (87.56 vs 86.38) ( P  = 0.594) were no significantly different in both groups. Conclusions The study demonstrates that ultrasound-guided preoperative localization is an effective approach in the treatment of extra-articular distal humeral shaft fracture by revealing radial nerve, which may help reduce the operative time, radial nerve exposure time and the intraoperative bleeding volume.

Ultrasound-guided preoperative localization of radial nerve in the treatment of extra-articular distal humeral shaft fractures