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Background  Biomechanical studies indicate that during outward rotation of the tibia and the valgus knee joint position, the patella is shifted in the lateral direction. After first-time patellar dislocation, the dynamic position of the femur in relation to the tibia plays an important role in joint stability, because the medial stabilizer of the patella (mostly the MPFL) is damaged or inefficient. The most important factor in controlling the rotational movement of the tibia in relation to the thigh are the hamstring muscles. The aim of the study therefore is to determine whether patients with patellar instability have a significant weakness in the knee flexor muscles, which can predispose to recurrent dislocations. This is an important consideration when planning the rehabilitation of patients with first-time patellar dislocation.    Methods  The study enrolled 33 patients with confirmed recurrent patellar dislocation, including six patients with bilateral involvement. In the study group, the hamstring muscles (both sides) were evaluated at velocities of 60 and 180 deg/s for the following parameters: peak torque, torque at 30 degrees of knee flexion, angle of peak torque and peak torque hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H/Q ratio).    Results  In the recurrent patellar dislocation group, a statistically significant weakness in knee flexors was observed for both angular velocities compared to age and gender normative data. No such relationship was observed in the control group of heathy subjects. In patients with one-sided dislocation, no differences were found in knee flexors peak torque, torque at 30 degrees of knee flexion, angle of peak torque or H/Q ratio between the healthy and affected limbs for either angular velocity.    Conclusions  In patients with recurrent patellar dislocation, knee flexors strength is decreased significantly in both the unaffected and affected limbs. This may indicate a constitutional weakening of these muscles which can predispose to recurrent dislocations.    Trial registration  The study was retrospectively registered on  ClinicalTrials.gov  ( NCT04838158 ), date of registration; 22/03/2021.

bmc musculoskeletal disorders

Assessment of knee flexor muscles strength in patients with patellar instability and its clinical implications for the non-surgical treatment of patients after first patellar dislocation - pilot study