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Background  This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pretreatment methods on the microbial yield from infectious tissues.    Methods  Strains of  Staphylococcus aureus  (SA),  Escherichia coli  (EC) and  Candida albicans  (CA) were used to construct single-surface, full-surface, and internal infection models in sterile pork tissue. Manual milling (MM), mechanical homogenization (MH), sonificated (SF), dithiothreitol (DTT), and direct culture (DC) were used to pretreat these tissues, the microbial yield from different pretreatment methods were recorded and compared. Moreover, periprosthetic tissues collected intraoperatively from periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) patients were used as a verification.    Results  The study showed that the microbial yield from MH pretreatment was significantly higher than that of MM ( P  < 0.01) and SF pretreatment method ( P  < 0.01). Furthermore, in the internal infection model, the microbial yield from MH group was also significantly higher than that of SF ( P  < 0.01), DTT ( P  < 0.01), and DC group ( P  < 0.01). Moreover, the number of bacterial colonies obtained from periprosthetic tissues pretreated by MH was significantly higher than pretreated by other pretreatment methods ( P  = 0.004).    Conclusions  The effects of MH and DTT in microbial yield were significantly higher than that of DC, SF and MM, and these methods can be used to process multiple tissue samples at the same time, which might further improve the diagnostic sensitivity of infectious disease.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04071-5.

Microbial yield from infectious tissues pretreated by various methods: an invitro study