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Background  The prevalence and economic burdens of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are serious in rural China. In addition to formal support, health-related private transfers (HRPTs), including adult children transfers (ACTs), as well as relatives and friends transfers (RFTs), are very common in rural China. We explored the relationship between HRPTs and MSD treatment compliance and the heterogeneity of this relationship in terms of family socioeconomic status.    Methods  A questionnaire survey was carried out in Enshi, Hubei, China by stratified random sampling in July 15–25,2018. A total of 2679 questionnaires on the economic burden of chronic diseases were collected. We deleted two questionnaires with missing data. The data was described using the mean and proportion. The Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was used to compare each independent variable in the three groups, and ordered probit regression was used to analyse the relationship between each factor and treatment compliance. The heterogeneity of the effect was examined by group regression analysis of the samples with or without poverty.    Results  In total, 853 samples with MSD were included in the analysis. The age was 70.27 ± 6.97 (mean +/− sd) years old, and the ADL was 11.64 ± 0.12, with more respondents being female (56.15%), partnered (73.51%), primary school educated (45.96%), working (57.91%), feeling poor in health (55.69%), lived alone or with a spouse (54.75%). Respondents with both ACTs and RFTs had better treatment compliance, and this was significant only in poor populations ( p  < 0.05). Under the same HRPTs’ condition, respondents who more compliant with MSD treatment were female ( p  < 0.01), had primary school education ( p  < 0.05), has self-reported poor ( p  < 0.01) and very poor ( p  < 0.05) health, had a high level of physical disability ( p  < 0.01), and were living with their children and grandchildren ( p  < 0.05). Respondents with more chronic diseases had poorer treatment compliance ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusions  Only those in poverty who both have ACTs and RFTs are likely to have better treatment compliance for MSD. Promoting a culture of filial piety and fostering harmonious interpersonal relationships, policies that focus on groups that lack social support, and general formal support are essential for sustained access to treatment for MSD.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03760-x.

bmc musculoskeletal disorders

Association of health-related private transfers with treatment compliance of musculoskeletal disorders in the rural elderly: evidence from an underdeveloped region of China