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Background  Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an effective joint-preserving surgical treatment for adulthood hip dysplasia (AHD). Despite sufficient correction of acetabular dysplasia, some patients still experience osteoarthritis (OA) progression and require total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purposes of the current study were to investigate the survival rate and the risk factors for OA progression or THA requirement after RAO and to explore whether acetabular overcorrection relates to OA progression.    Methods  Fifty-six patients (65 hips, mean age: 36.5 ± 11.7 years) with AHD who underwent RAO and were followed up for >10 years (mean: 15.0 ± 3.2 years) were enrolled in this study. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the non-OA progression rate and THA-free survival rate of RAO during the 10-year follow-up. To analyze the risk factors for OA progression and THA requirement, the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed.    Results  No OA progression was found in 76.7% of the patients, and THA was not required in 92.3% during the 10-year follow-up. By multivariate regression analysis, older age at the time of surgery was a risk factor for both OA progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.047, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005–1.091) and THA requirement (HR = 1.293, 95% CI = 1.041–1.606).    Conclusion  RAO is an effective surgical procedure for symptomatic patients with AHD that prevents OA progression and protects the hips from undergoing THA. However, older patients have a higher risk for both OA progression and THA requirement.

Ten-year survival rate after rotational acetabular osteotomy in adulthood hip dysplasia