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Background  The results of studies investigating the association between the ladybird homeobox 1 ( LBX1 ) gene polymorphisms and the risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are not all the same. As such, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the association between  LBX1  gene polymorphisms and AIS susceptibility.    Methods  Relevant studies published before 15 November 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI web of knowledge, EBSCO, CNKI and CBM. The strength of relationship was assessed by using odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI).    Results  A total number of eight case-control studies including 10,088 cases and 24,538 controls were identified. The results showed that T allele of rs111090870 increased AIS susceptibility in Asians (T vs. C, OR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.16–1.29,  P  < 0.001), Caucasians (T vs. C, OR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.14–1.21,  P  < 0.001) and in female (T vs. C, OR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.17–1.25,  P  < 0.001). The G allele of rs678741 decreased AIS risk in female (G vs. A, OR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.81–0.85,  P  < 0.001), and the G allele of the rs625039 increased AIS susceptibility in Asians (G vs. A, OR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.11–1.17,  P  < 0.001).    Conclusions  Our meta-analysis provides evidence that rs111090870, rs678741 and rs625039 polymorphisms near  LBX1  gene are associated with AIS susceptibility in some populations. However, our findings are based on only a limited number of studies.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1139-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Associations of LBX1 gene and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 34,626 subjects