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Background The usefulness and safety of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) for reassessment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) with progression is still unknown. Our purpose was to clarify the usefulness and safety of TBLC for reassessment of DPLD with progression. Methods This retrospective study included 31 patients with DPLD diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy who progressed in the clinical course and underwent TBLC for reassessment between January 2017 and September 2019 at Kanagawa Cardiovascular &amp; Respiratory Center. Two pulmonologists independently selected the clinical diagnosis, treatment strategy, and confidence level of the treatment strategy based on clinical and radiological information with and without pathological information from TBLC. A consensus was reached among the pulmonologists regarding the clinical diagnosis, treatment strategy, and confidence level of the treatment strategy. Complications of TBLC were also examined. Results Seven (22.6%), 5 (16.1%), and 6 (19.4%) of clinical diagnosis was changed after TBLC for Pulmonologist A, for Pulmonologist B, and for consensus, respectively. The treatment strategy was changed in 7 (22.6%), 8 (25.9%), and 6 (19.4%) cases after TBLC for Pulmonologist A, for Pulmonologist B and for consensus, respectively. The definite or high confidence level of the consensus treatment strategy was 54.8% (17/31) without TBLC and 83.9% (26/31) with TBLC. There were 6 cases of moderate bleeding, but no other complications were noted. Conclusions Pathological information from TBLC may contribute to decision-making in treatment strategies for the progression of DPLD, and it may be safely performed.

Usefulness and safety of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy for reassessment of treatment in the clinical course of diffuse parenchymal lung disease