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Background  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by incomplete reversible airflow limitation and chronic inflammatory response lesions. This study mainly explored whether  FGFR2  and  MGAT5  polymorphisms affected the risk of COPD in the Chinese people.    Methods  Five variants in  FGFR2  and  MGAT5  were chosen and genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform from 315 COPD patients and 314 healthy controls. The correlation of  FGFR2  and  MGAT5  with COPD susceptibility was evaluated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) via logistic regression.    Results  We found rs2420915 enhanced the risk of COPD, while rs6430491, rs2593704 reduced the susceptibility of COPD ( p  < 0.05). Rs2420915 could promote the incidence of COPD in the elderly and nonsmokers. Rs1907240 and rs2257129 also increased the susceptibility to COPD in nonsmokers ( p  < 0.05).  MGAT5- rs2593704 played a protective role in COPD development in different subgroups (age ≤ 70, male, smokers, and individuals with BMI ≤ 24 kg/m 2 ). Meanwhile, rs6430491 was linked with a lower risk of COPD in nonsmoking and BMI ≤ 24 kg/m 2  subgroups.    Conclusions  We concluded that  FGFR2  and  MGAT5  genetic polymorphisms are correlated with the risk of COPD in the Chinese people. These data underscored the important role of  FGFR2  and  MGAT5  gene in the occurrence of COPD and provided new biomarkers for COPD treatment.   Trial registration : NA.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01498-3.

The polymorphisms of FGFR2 and MGAT5 affect the susceptibility to COPD in the Chinese people