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Background The thermal strain can be measured using subjective methods without the use of sensitive equipment. The purpose of the present study was the development and validation of an observational - perceptual heat strain risk assessment (OPHSRA) method. Methods This cross-sectional study, in 2019, was performed. At first, an observational-perceptual questionnaire was designed using effective items in producing heat strain. Then, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were examined. Later, 201 male workers were asked to perform the routine tasks for 90 min under various climatic conditions after resting in a cool room. At the end of the activity, the tympanic temperature of the subjects was accurately measured. Also, the designed questionnaire was completed by researchers and participants. Then, the effect coefficients of the items were calculated and used for developing the novel index. At final, the index validity was investigated. Results The values of the content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) of the designed questionnaire with 16 questions were equal to 0.793, 0.913, and 0.910, respectively. The results indicated that environmental, job, administrative, and clothing items assessed by the questionnaire with the coefficients of 0.860, 0.658, 0.783, and 0.566 had significant effects on the thermal strain, respectively. These coefficients were exploited to develop the index. The result revealed that the OPHSRA index justified 69% of the variations of the tympanic temperature ( R  2  = 0.69). Conclusion The novel index developed by the questionnaire had an acceptable validity. Therefore, this index can be used for estimating the risk of thermal strain in a variety of thermal conditions.

Development of an observational - perceptual heat strain risk assessment (OPHSRA) index and its validation