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Background  Prior to Wuhan lock-down in 2020,  chunyun , the largest population mobility on this planet, had begun. We quantified impact of Wuhan lock-down on COVID-19 spread during  chunyun  across the nation.    Methods  During the period of January 1 to February 9, 2020, a total of 40,278 confirmed COVID-19 cases from 319 municipalities in mainland China were considered in this study. The cross-coupled meta-population methods were employed using between-city Baidu migration index. We modelled four scenarios of geographic spread of COVID-19 including the presence of both  chunyun  and lock-down (baseline); lock-down without  chunyun  (scenario 1);  chunyun  without lock-down (scenario 2); and the absence of both  chunyun  and lock-down (scenario 3).    Results  Compared with the baseline, scenario 1 resulted in 3.84% less cases by February 9 while scenario 2 and 3 resulted in 20.22 and 32.46% more cases by February 9. The geographic distribution of cases revealed that  chunyun  facilitated the COVID-19 spread in the majority but not all cities, and the effectiveness of Wuhan lock-down was offset by  chunyun . Impacts of Wuhan lock-down during  chunyun  on the COVID-19 spread demonstrated heterogenetic geographic patterns.    Conclusion  Our results strongly supported the travel restriction as one of the effective responses and highlighted the importance of developing area-specific rather than universal countermeasures.

Does lock-down of Wuhan effectively restrict early geographic spread of novel coronavirus epidemic during chunyun in China? A spatial model study