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Background  Effective COVID-19 pandemic management requires adequate understanding of factors that influence behavioral changes. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among Syrians in a post-conflict context.    Method  A cross sectional web-based survey was conducted on the Syrian residents of 16 years and above. It contains questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) with respect to COVID-19. Participants’ demographic characteristics are recorded and analyzed. The study is conducted during the global outbreak of COVID-19.    Results  A total of 706 participants (female, 444; male, 262) were enrolled. This study included 405 participants aged between 16 and 29, 204 aged between 30 and 49, and 97 aged above 60 years. There were 642 who have a university degree and 61 who have high school degree. Among the participants 253 were students, 316 were employed, 75 work as freelancers, and 62 were unemployed. Results showed that overall knowledge score towards the disease was about 60% (mean score 3.54 ± 1.20; range 0–6). Knowledge scores significantly differed across age groups ( P  < 0.05), education levels ( P  = 0.001), and occupations ( P  < 0.05). Attitude and practice scores were 2.45 ± 0.81 (range 0–4), 5.90 ± 1.52 (range 0–8), respectively. Attitude scores were significantly different between males and females ( P  < 0.05), whereas practice scores varied significantly across gender ( P  < 0.05), age groups ( P  = 0.01), education levels ( P  = 0.015), occupations ( P  < 0.05), and according to knowledge score ( P  = 0.000). Results from multiple linear regression indicated that lower knowledge scores were significantly associated with lower education level ( P  < 0.05), whereas poor preventive practices were common among male, young and unemployed participants with significance levels of  P  < 0.01,  P  = .000,  P  < 0.01, respectively.    Conclusion  The findings of this study suggest that the Syrian residents demonstrate modest knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 at the time of its global outbreak. Efforts should be directed towards raising the awareness of the disease to improve their practices in the current COVID-19 pandemic, as well as for future epidemics.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10353-3.

A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic among the Syrian residents