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Background  Cryptosporidiosis is a pathological condition caused by infection with coccidian protozoan parasites  Cryptosporidium .  Cryptosporidium  is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. So far, no data has been published on its prevalence among children with diarrhea in Cameroon. This study was therefore, designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0–5 years suffering from diarrhea and being attended to at the Limbe Regional Hospital.    Methods  The study was a hospital based analytical cross-sectional study involving children within the ages 0–5 years ( n  = 112) hospitalized or consulted in the pediatric departments of the hospital between April 2018 and May 2018. Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for  Cryptosporidium  infection.    Results  A total of 112 participants were recruited out of which 67 presented with diarrhea. A high prevalence 9/67 (13.40%) of  Cryptosporidium  was noticed in children with diarrhea than children without diarrhea 1/45 (2.2%). There was a significant relationship (  p    = 0.041 ) between prevalence of  Cryptosporidium  and the presence of diarrhea in children within the ages 0–5 years in the Limbe Regional Hospital. It was realized that children from parents with primary level of education, children whose parents did not respect exclusive breastfeeding and those whose parents were giving them pipe borne water for drinking recorded a higher prevalence.    Conclusions  This study revealed an overall prevalence of 8.9% for  Cryptosporidium  among children of ages 0–5 years that attended the Limbe Regional Hospital. The prevalence among children that presented with diarrhea was 13.4%. The study clearly demonstrated that  Cryptosporidium  is an important protozoal etiologic agent for children with diarrhea in Limbe.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7484-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc public health

Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0–5 years attending the Limbe regional hospital, southwest region, Cameroon