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Background  Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection endemic in more than ninety countries of the world. The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a most common form of leishmaniasis and it remains to be a major public health issue in Saudi Arabia. This study was undertaken to investigate the  Leishmania  species responsible for CL infection in different provinces of Qassim, Saudi Arabia.    Methods  Skin biopsies were obtained from CL patients and DNA was extracted using the Magna pure system.  Leishmania  species were identified by highly specific/sensitive quantitative and qualitative PCR.    Results  Out of total 206 CL biopsies, 49.5% biopsies were found to be positive for  Leishmania major  ( L. major ), 28.6% biopsies were positive for  Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) , 3.9% were found to be positive for  Leishmania infantum/donovani (L. infantum/donovani) . Not only have these, all tested CL biopsies showed negative test for  Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana)  and  Leishmania viannia  ( L. viannia ).    Conclusions  This is the first comprehensive study that shows the majority of CL in Qassim was caused by  L. major  and  L. tropica . To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first report that shows the occurrence of  L. infantum/donovani  in Saudi Arabia. This requires higher alert to the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia to take proactive actions in preventing the onset of  L. major ,  L. tropica, L. infantum  and  L. donovani  infections.

Prevalence of Leishmania species among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia